Kwemakore maviri apfuura, nyaya iyi yakanzwika kwese kwese kubva kuMassachusetts kuenda kuFox News.Muvakidzani wangu anotoramba kubhadharisa Toyota RAV4 Prime Hybrid nekuda kwezvaanoti mitengo yemagetsi inoremadza.Nharo huru ndeyokuti mitengo yemagetsi yakakwirira kwazvo zvokuti inodzima zvikomborero zvekuchaja pamusoro pekuchaja.Izvi zvinosvika pamwoyo wekuti nei vanhu vazhinji vachitenga mota dzemagetsi: Maererano nePew Research Center, 70 muzana yevanogona kutenga EV vakati "kuchengetedza gasi" ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvavo zvepamusoro.
Mhinduro yacho haisi nyore sezvainoita.Kungoverenga mutengo wepeturu nemagetsi kunorasisa.Mitengo inosiyana zvichienderana nechaja (uye nyika).Mhosva dzemunhu wese dzakasiyana.Mutero wemugwagwa, kudzoserwa uye kushanda kwebhatiri zvese zvinokanganisa kuverenga kwekupedzisira.Saka ndakakumbira vatsvakurudzi vepa nonpartisan Energy Innovation, mutemo unofunga tank unoshanda kuti decarbonize indasitiri yemagetsi, kuti andibatsire kuziva mari yechokwadi yekupomba mumatunhu ose makumi mashanu, uchishandisa datasets kubva kumasangano ehurumende, AAA nevamwe.Unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve zvishandiso zvavo zvinobatsira pano.Ndakashandisa iyi data kutora nzendo mbiri dzekufungidzira mhiri kweUnited States kuti nditonge kana zviteshi zvegasi zvingave zvichidhura muzhizha ra2023.
Kana iwe uri vana mugumi vekuAmerica, uri kufunga kutenga mota yemagetsi.Kana iwe wakafanana neni, uchafanira kubhadhara mutengo unorema.
Ivhareji yemotokari yemagetsi inotengesa $ 4,600 kupfuura yevhareji yemotokari yegesi, asi neakaundi akawanda, ndichachengetedza mari nekufamba kwenguva.Motokari idzi dzinoda mari yakaderera yemafuta ekufambisa uye kugadzirisa—inofungidzirwa kuti inochengetwa nemazana emadhora pagore.Uye izvi hazvifungi nezvekukurudzira kwehurumende uye kuramba kwenzendo kuenda kuchiteshi chegesi.Asi zvakaoma kuziva nhamba chaiyo.Avhareji mutengo we galoni repeturu iri nyore kuverenga.Mitengo yakagadziriswa-inflation yakachinja zvishoma kubva muna 2010, maererano neFederal Reserve.Izvo zvinoshandawo kune kilowatt-maawa (kWh) yemagetsi.Nekudaro, mari yekuchaja haina kujeka zvakanyanya.
Mabhiri emagetsi anosiyana kwete nenyika chete, asiwo nenguva yezuva uye kunyangwe nekubuda.Varidzi vemotokari dzemagetsi vanogona kudzibhadharisa kumba kana kubasa, uye vobva vabhadhara imwezve yekuchaja nekukurumidza mumugwagwa.Izvi zvinoita kuti zviome kuenzanisa mutengo wekuzadzazve gasi reFord F-150 (mota inotengeswa zvakanyanya muUnited States kubva kuma1980) ine bhatiri re98-kilowatt-awa mumotokari yemagetsi.Izvi zvinoda fungidziro dzakamisikidzwa pamusoro penzvimbo, hunhu hwekuchaja, uye kuti simba riri mubhatiri netangi rinoshandurwa sei kuita renji.Maverengero akadai anozofanira kuiswa kumakirasi emotokari akasiyana semota, maSUV nemarori.
Hazvishamisi kuti hapana anoita izvi.Asi isu tinochengetedza nguva yako.Mhedzisiro inoratidza kuti yakawanda sei yaunogona kuchengetedza uye, muzviitiko zvisingawanzo, yakawanda sei yausingakwanise.Chii chinoguma?Munyika dzese makumi mashanu, zvakachipa kuti vanhu vekuAmerica vashandise zvemagetsi mazuva ese, uye mune mamwe matunhu, sePacific Northwest, uko mitengo yemagetsi yakadzikira uye mitengo yegesi yakakwira, yakachipa zvakanyanya.MuWashington state, uko galoni regasi rinoita madhora mazana mana nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemasere, kuzadza F-150 nemakiromita mazana mana nemakumi masere nematatu kunoda madhora zana nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu.Kana tichienzanisa, kuchaja yemagetsi F-150 Mheni (kana kuti Rivian R1T) kwechinhambwe chimwe chete kunoda madhora makumi matatu nemana, kuchengetedza kwemadhora makumi masere.Izvi zvinotora kuti vatyairi vanobhadhara kumba 80% yenguva, sezvinofungidzirwa neDhipatimendi reMagetsi, pamwe chete nedzimwe nzira dzekufungidzira pamagumo echinyorwa chino.
Zvakadini nokumwe kunyanyisa?Kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva, uko mitengo yegesi nemagetsi yakadzikira, mari inochengetwa idiki asi ichiri yakakosha.KuMisissippi, semuenzaniso, mutengo wegasi werori yenguva dzose unokwira madhora makumi matatu kupfuura werori yemagetsi.Kune zvidiki, zvinonyanya kushanda zveSUVs uye sedans, mota dzemagetsi dzinogona kuchengetedza madhora makumi maviri kusvika kumadhora makumi maviri nemashanu papombi yemamileage akafanana.
Avhareji yeAmerica inotyaira mamaira 14 000 pagore uye inogona kuchengetedza mari inosvika mazana manomwe emadhora pagore nekutenga SUV yemagetsi kana sedan, kana $1,000 pagore nekutenga rori, maererano neEnergy Innovation.Asi kutyaira zuva nezuva chinhu chimwe.Kuti ndiedze iyi modhi, ndakaita ongororo idzi panguva dzenzendo mbiri dzezhizha kuyambuka United States.
Kune mhando mbiri dzemachaja dzaunogona kuwana munzira.Iyo Level 2 charger inogona kuwedzera huwandu ne 30 mph.Mitengo yemabhizinesi mazhinji, akadai semahotera nezvitoro zvegirosari zvichitarisira kukwezva vatengi, inotangira pamasendi makumi maviri paawa pa kilowatt-awa kusvika mahara (Energy Innovation inoratidzira kungodarika masendi gumi pakilowatt-awa mune fungidziro iri pasi apa).
Fast charger dzinozivikanwa seNhanho 3, dzinokurumidza kupeta kanokwana makumi maviri, dzinogona kuchaja bhatiri reEV kusvika pamakumi masere muzana mumaminetsi makumi maviri chete.Asi kazhinji inodhura pakati pemakumi matatu nemakumi mana nemasere masendi pakilowatt-awa-mutengo wandakazoona kuti wakaenzana nemutengo wepeturu mune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Kuti ndione kuti izvi zvakashanda sei, ndakaenda rwendo rwekufungidzira rwemamaira mazana mana kubva kuSan Francisco kuenda kuDisneyland kuSouth Los Angeles.Parwendo urwu, ndakasarudza F-150 uye shanduro yayo yemagetsi, Mheni, iyo iri chikamu chezvinyorwa zvakakurumbira zvakatengesa zvikamu 653,957 gore rapera.Pane kupokana kwakasimba kwemamiriro ekunze kunopesana nekugadzira shanduro dzemagetsi dzeAmerica dzinoita gasi-guzzling mota, asi fungidziro iyi inoitirwa kuratidza zvinofarirwa nemotokari dzeAmerica.
Mukundi, shasha?Kunenge kusina motokari dzemagetsi.Sezvo kushandisa fast charger kuchidhura, kazhinji katatu kana mana kudhura pane kuchaja kumba, mari yaungachengeta idiki.Ndakasvika paka park muMheni ndine $14 yakawanda muhomwe yangu pane yandaive nayo mumota yepeturu.Dai ndakasarudza kugara kwenguva refu muhotera kana resitorendi ndichishandisa charger yeLevel 2, ndingadai ndakachengeta $57.Aya maitiro ane chokwadi kumotokari diki zvakare: iyo Tesla Model Y crossover yakachengetedza madhora gumi nemasere nemadhora makumi mana nemana parwendo rwemakiromita mazana mana nesere uchishandisa Level 3 uye Level 2 charger, zvichiteerana, zvichienzaniswa nekuzadza negasi.
Kana zvasvika pakuburitsa, mota dzemagetsi dziri kumberi.Mota dzemagetsi dzinoburitsa isingasviki chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chezvinobuda pamamaira yemota dzepeturu uye dziri kuchena gore rega rega.Musanganiswa wekugadzira magetsi wekuUS unoburitsa ingangoita pondo imwe yekabhoni paawa yega yega kilowatt yemagetsi anogadzirwa, sekureva kweUS Energy Information Administration.Pakazosvika 2035, White House inoda kuunza nhamba iyi pedyo ne zero.Izvi zvinoreva kuti F-150 yakajairika inoburitsa kashanu magasi egreenhouse kupfuura mheni.Iyo Tesla Model Y inoburitsa 63 mapaundi egreenhouse gasi uchityaira, zvichienzaniswa neanopfuura mazana matatu mapaundi emota dzese dzakajairwa.
Zvisinei, muedzo chaiwo waiva rwendo kubva kuDetroit kuenda kuMiami.Kutyaira nepakati peMidwest kubva kuMotor City hakusi kurota kwemotokari yemagetsi.Nzvimbo iyi ine mwero wakaderera wevaridzi vemotokari yemagetsi muUnited States.Hakuna machaja akawanda.Mitengo yepeturu yakaderera.Magetsi ane tsvina.Kuti zvinhu zvinyanye kusaenzana, ndakasarudza kuenzanisa Toyota Camry neChevrolet Bolt yemagetsi, dzose dziri mbiri dzinoshanda zvakanaka dzinovhara gaka mumitengo yemafuta.Kuratidza chimiro chemutengo wedunhu rega rega, ndakayera mamaira 1,401 echinhambwe munzvimbo dzese nhanhatu, pamwe chete nemitengo yadzo yemagetsi uye ekubudisa.
Dai ndakanga ndazadza kumba kana kune yakachipa yekushambadzira Class 2 gasi chiteshi munzira (zvisingaite), iyo Bolt EV ingadai yakachipa kuzadza: $41 maringe ne $142 yeCamry.Asi kukurumidza kuchaja kunopa zvikero mukufarira kwaCamry.Uchishandisa Level 3 charger, mari yemagetsi parwendo rwebhatiri i$169, inova madhora makumi maviri nemanomwe pane yerwendo rwegasi.Nekudaro, kana zvasvika pakuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse, iyo Bolt iri kumberi zviri pachena, ine hutsi husina kunanga hunoverengera 20 muzana chete yekirasi.
Ndinoshamisika kuti sei avo vanopikisa hupfumi hwemotokari yemagetsi vachiuya kune zvakasiyana-siyana mhedziso?Kuti ndiite izvi, ndakabata Patrick Anderson, ane Michigan-based consulting femu inoshanda gore negore neindasitiri yemotokari kufungidzira mutengo wemotokari dzemagetsi.Zviri kuramba zvichionekwa kuti mota zhinji dzemagetsi dzinodhura kuwedzera mafuta.
Anderson akandiudza kuti nyanzvi dzezvehupfumi dzakawanda dzinofuratira mari dzinofanirwa kuverengerwa pakuverenga mutengo wekuchaja: mutero wehurumende pamotokari dzemagetsi dzinotsiva mutero wegasi, mutengo wechaja yemumba, kurasikirwa kwekutapurirana pakuchaja (inenge 10 muzana), uye. dzimwe nguva mari inodarika .zviteshi zvepeturu zviri kure.Maererano naye, mari yacho iduku, asi ndeyechokwadi.Pamwe chete vakabatsira mukugadzirwa kwemotokari dzepeturu.
Anofungidzira kuti zvinodhura zvishoma kuzadza motokari yepeturu yepakati-inoda madhora gumi nerimwe pamakiromita zana, zvichienzaniswa nemadhora gumi nematanhatu kusvika kumadhora gumi nematanhatu pamotokari yemagetsi inofananidzwa.Kusarudzika imotokari dzemhando yepamusoro, sezvo dzinowanzoita zvishoma uye dzinopisa mafuta ekutanga."Motokari dzemagetsi dzinoita zvine musoro kune vatengi vepakati," Anderson akadaro."Apa ndipo patinoona kutengesa kwakanyanya, uye hazvishamise."
Asi vatsoropodzi vanoti Anderson's fungidziro inodarika kana kufuratira fungidziro dzakakosha: Ongororo yekambani yake inodarika mashandiro ebhatiri, zvichiratidza kuti varidzi vemotokari dzemagetsi vanoshandisa zviteshi zvekuchaja zveveruzhinji zvinodhura nezve 40% yenguva (Dhipatimendi reMagetsi rinofungidzira kurasikirwa kunenge makumi maviri muzana).zviteshi zvemahara zvekuchaja veruzhinji nenzira ye "mitero yemidziyo, dzidzo, mitengo yevatengi, kana mitoro kune vanoisa mari" uye kufuratira kurudziro yehurumende neindasitiri.
Anderson akapindura kuti haana kutora 40% mubhadharo wehurumende, asi akafananidza maitiro maviri emitero, achitora "inonyanya kukosha" uye "inonyanya kutengesa" (iyo yaisanganisira mari yekutengeserana mu75% yezviitiko).Akadzivirirawo mitengo "yemahara" majaja ekutengesa anopihwa kumadhumeni, mayunivhesiti nemabhizinesi nekuti "masevhisi aya haasi emahara, asi anofanirwa kubhadharirwa nemushandisi neimwe nzira, zvisinei kuti anosanganisirwa mutero wezvivakwa, dzidzo. mari kana kwete.mitengo yevatengi” kana mutoro kune vanoisa mari.“
Pakupedzisira, isu tingasambobvumirana pamutengo wekuwedzera mafuta emotokari yemagetsi.Zvichida hazvina basa.Kune vatyairi vemazuva ese muUnited States, kupisa mota yemagetsi kwatove zvakachipa kazhinji, uye zvinotarisirwa kunge zvakachipa sezvo simba rinowanikwazve rinowedzera uye mota dzichiwedzera kushanda zvakanaka.,Kutanga gore rino, nyora mitengo yedzimwe mota dzemagetsi inotarisirwa kuve yakaderera pane inofananidzwa nemotokari dzepeturu, uye fungidziro yemutengo wakazara wevaridzi (kuchengetedza, mafuta uye zvimwe zvinodhura pamusoro pehupenyu hwemotokari) inoratidza kuti mota dzemagetsi dzatove. zvakachipa.
Mushure meizvozvo, ndakanzwa sekunge paive neimwe nhamba isipo: mutengo wekugarisana wecarbon.Iyi ifungidziro yakakasharara yekukuvara kwakakonzerwa nekuwedzera imwe tani yekabhoni kumhepo, kusanganisira kufa kwekupisa, mafashama, moto wesango, kukundikana kwezvirimwa uye kumwe kurasikirwa kunoenderana nekudziya kwepasi.
Vatsvakurudzi vanofungidzira kuti galoni rimwe nerimwe regasi rechisikigo rinobudisa anenge makirogiramu makumi maviri ecarbon dioxide mumhepo, zvakaenzana nemasendi makumi mashanu ekukuvadzwa kwemamiriro ekunze pagaloni.Tichifunga nezvezvinhu zvekunze zvakaita semajamu emotokari, tsaona nekusvibiswa kwemhepo, Resources for the Future inofungidzirwa muna 2007 kuti mutengo wekukuvadza waive madhora matatu pagaloni.
Zvechokwadi, haufaniri kubhadhara mari iyi.Motokari dzemagetsi chete hazvigadzirise dambudziko iri.Kuti tiite izvi, tinoda mamwe maguta nenharaunda kwaunogona kushanyira shamwari kana kutenga magirosari pasina mota.Asi mota dzemagetsi dzakakosha kuchengetedza tembiricha kubva pasi pe2 degrees Celsius.Imwe nzira mutengo wausingakwanise kufuratira.
Mari yekufambisa yemotokari dzemagetsi nepeturu yakaverengerwa kumapoka matatu emotokari: mota, maSUV nemarori.Ese akasiyana emota ari base 2023 modhi.Zvinoenderana ne2019 Federal Highway Administration data, avhareji nhamba yemamaira inotyairwa nevatyairi pagore inofungidzirwa kuve 14,263 mamaira.Kune ese mota, huwandu, mileage, uye emissions data inotorwa kubva kune Environmental Protection Agency's Fueleconomy.gov webhusaiti.Mitengo yegasi yemusikirwo yakavakirwa muna Chikunguru 2023 data kubva kuAAA.Pamotokari dzemagetsi, avhareji yenhamba ye kilowatt-maawa inodiwa pamutengo wakazara inotarwa zvichienderana nehukuru hwebhatiri.Nzvimbo dzekuchaja dzakavakirwa paDhipatimendi reMagetsi tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti 80% yekuchaja inoitika kumba.Kutanga muna 2022, mitengo yemagetsi ekugara inopihwa neUS Energy Information Administration.Iyo 20% yasara yekuchaja inoitika pazviteshi zvekuchaja veruzhinji, uye mutengo wemagetsi unobva pamutengo wemagetsi wakaburitswa neElectrify America mudunhu rega rega.
Idzi fungidziro hadzibatanidzi chero fungidziro pamusoro pemutengo wakakwana wevaridzi, EV mutero wechikwereti, mari yekunyoresa, kana mutengo wekushandisa nekugadzirisa.Isu hatitarisire chero mutero une chekuita neEV, maEV ekuchaja zvideredzwa kana kubhadharisa mahara, kana mitengo yakavakirwa nguva yeEVs.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-04-2024